Heroization of the Narrative

Leaflet with an appeal to the Ukrainians of Lviv to take part in the meeting on October 20th, where the Ukrainian State was to be proclaimed. From the collection of Stepan Hayduchok

November 1918 is included in both Ukrainian and Polish heroic narratives, where the struggle for Lviv is part of the struggle for independence.

In the Ukrainian version of the historical presentation there was an evolution from a coup and an outbreak to an action. This forced step, which was to prevent the Poles' exclusive claim on Eastern Galicia and to declare the presence of the Ukrainians on the international scene, was initially defined as a "coup". This happened because the Ukrainians, hoping for fair decisions of the victorious states and for the US President Wilson's "Fourteen points", had not immediately prepared themselves for an armed defense of their state. The Poles saw in the Ukrainian action an insidious conspiracy of the latter with the Austrians.

In the interwar Poland, the history of the recent war officially became part of a heroic defense-and-liberation story, and for the Ukrainians it was an example of not only legal but also armed struggle of the Galician Ukrainians for their statehood.

Later, under the influence of the ideology of integral nationalism and disappointment in lawful (parliamentary) political methods of struggle, there was a change in the interpretation of the November events of 1918. A military component emerged on the foreground, while political methods were assigned a secondary role. The forced November outbreak evolved into a knightly Action, one of the stages of the national revolution.

On the eve and during the Second World War, the revolutionary events of November 1918 became one of the national mobilization tools. In the Soviet times, these events were considered a small episode, an example of a "bourgeois coup" and the "Polish occupation" at the height of revolutionary events, the main role being assigned to the Galician Socialist Soviet republic, an artificial formation.

Now it is an important part of the Ukrainian and Polish founding myths.

Heroization of the Narrative

Leaflet with an appeal to the Ukrainians of Lviv to take part in the meeting on October 20th, where the Ukrainian State was to be proclaimed. From the collection of Stepan Hayduchok
Manifestation on the st. George square on October 20th. From the collection of Stepan Hayduchok
Official opening of the monument to the Poles, who died fighting for Persenkówka. Source: Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe